Q 1:
A young mother claims that her 4-week-old child sleeps best on his stomach. You tell her
that the safest sleep position for infants is which of the following?
(A) on the back
(B) on the stomach
(C) on the side
(D) on the back with the head elevated by a pillow
(E) in the parents’ bed
(A)
Prone sleeping is a major risk factor for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Since the 1992 American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommendation that infants be placed to sleep on their backs, the frequency of prone sleeping has decreased from 70 to 20%, and the SIDS rate has decreased by >40%. Side sleeping has a slightly higher SIDS risk than supine but is still safer than the prone position. Other risk
factors include maternal smoking, soft bedding, overheating, younger maternal age, prematurity,
low birth weight, and male gender.
Q 2:
A 2-year-old girl has severe dental caries of the upper and lower incisors. Her teeth are brushed twice daily with a small amount of fluoride-containing toothpaste. What is the feeding practice most likely to result in this
pattern of dental caries?
(A) drinking juice from a cup at snack time
(B) drinking juice from a bottle at snack time
(C) drinking milk from a bottle at meal time
(D) prolonged breast-feeding beyond the first year
(E) drinking a bottle of juice in bed
Answer :
(E)
Organic acids produced by bacterial fermentation lower the pH of dental plaque causing demineralization and caries of the adjacent tooth. Nursing bottle caries is a pattern of caries involving the upper and lower incisors. It occurs because of prolonged contact of the tooth to a sugar-containing liquid (juice or milk). This
is more likely to occur with overnight exposure or with use of a bottle. Asimilar pattern of caries
may rarely occur with breast-fed babies who feed through the night. Cup feeding or drinks
given during mealtimes are less likely to cause prolonged contact to the teeth.
(A)
Prone sleeping is a major risk factor for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Since the 1992 American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommendation that infants be placed to sleep on their backs, the frequency of prone sleeping has decreased from 70 to 20%, and the SIDS rate has decreased by >40%. Side sleeping has a slightly higher SIDS risk than supine but is still safer than the prone position. Other risk
factors include maternal smoking, soft bedding, overheating, younger maternal age, prematurity,
low birth weight, and male gender.
Q 2:
A 2-year-old girl has severe dental caries of the upper and lower incisors. Her teeth are brushed twice daily with a small amount of fluoride-containing toothpaste. What is the feeding practice most likely to result in this
pattern of dental caries?
(A) drinking juice from a cup at snack time
(B) drinking juice from a bottle at snack time
(C) drinking milk from a bottle at meal time
(D) prolonged breast-feeding beyond the first year
(E) drinking a bottle of juice in bed
Answer :
(E)
Organic acids produced by bacterial fermentation lower the pH of dental plaque causing demineralization and caries of the adjacent tooth. Nursing bottle caries is a pattern of caries involving the upper and lower incisors. It occurs because of prolonged contact of the tooth to a sugar-containing liquid (juice or milk). This
is more likely to occur with overnight exposure or with use of a bottle. Asimilar pattern of caries
may rarely occur with breast-fed babies who feed through the night. Cup feeding or drinks
given during mealtimes are less likely to cause prolonged contact to the teeth.
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